As we head into COP29 in Baku, I’m reminded of the crucial work that needs to be done to strike a balance between ambition and realism. Having attended three previous COPs, I’ve seen how vital these negotiations are for setting actionable climate goals—but I’ve also seen how important it is to ground these goals in practical solutions that can truly be implemented. This year, COP29 focuses on advancing finance, adaptation, loss and damage, and accountability, with a special emphasis on creating a sustainable energy future that includes nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage (CCS). These COP discussions are set to be pivotal, especially as they aim to define a more sustainable, inclusive path forward.
Setting a New Finance Target: The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG)
Central to COP29’s agenda is the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance, designed to replace the previous $100 billion annual pledge from developed to developing nations.
The NCQG glossary has been developed to provide stakeholders and advocates with accessible definitions of complex financial terms. This will help ensure that finance discussions are inclusive, understandable, and actionable, fostering a common language among countries. The glossary will be invaluable in navigating questions around how much financing is needed, who will contribute, and how we ensure that funds reach the communities that need them most.
Several core questions surrounding the NCQG need to be addressed. Firstly, how to find the balance between ambition and feasibility: how ambitious should the NCQG be, and what can realistically be achieved given the economic challenges faced by both developed and developing nations? It is also important to examine how funding can be structured to prioritise adaptation and resilience efforts alongside mitigation. Transparency and accountability are critical: what frameworks can be established to ensure that NCQG funds are used effectively and are traceable, thereby reducing the risk of misallocation?
Adaptation and Loss and Damage
At COP29, adaptation will once again be a top priority, particularly for the countries already suffering the most from climate impacts. The Loss and Damage Fund, established at COP27, was a significant win, but now it must be structured to deliver results. COP29 will focus on developing mechanisms to ensure that this fund is accessible, practical, and responsive to the needs of affected communities. Countries facing extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and other climate-related disasters are calling for streamlined processes that get aid to them swiftly, without complex administrative hurdles.
Adaptation finance discussions are likely to centre on building resilient infrastructure, establishing early warning systems, and developing strategies to protect water, food, and energy resources. But it’s not just about adaptation—it’s about capacity building. Communities need tools, skills, and local decision-making power to craft their own resilience strategies. At COP29, developed countries will need to demonstrate their commitment to empowering these communities.
Key points:
Adaptation funding needs to be front-loaded within the NCQG, ensuring that at-risk regions can make meaningful changes.
Loss and damage support must be timely, accessible, and directly available to those who need it most, avoiding unnecessary bureaucratic barriers.
Capacity-building programs should be prioritised, empowering communities to design and implement their own resilience strategies.
Energy Transition: A Realistic, Inclusive Approach with Nuclear and CCS
One of the critical discussions at COP29 will be around the energy transition, with an emphasis on a realistic and practical approach to decarbonisation. While renewables remain essential, they alone cannot meet the world’s growing energy needs sustainably. A balanced energy mix—including nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage (CCS)—is increasingly recognised as vital to achieving global climate targets. Nuclear, as a low-carbon, reliable energy source, and CCS, which can mitigate emissions from industries and power plants, are both key to reducing reliance on fossil fuels without compromising energy security.
Several initiatives at COP29 will highlight nuclear’s potential role in a sustainable energy future, exploring how it can complement renewable energy sources while supporting baseload power needs. Additionally, COP29 will discuss ways to integrate CCS technologies into high-emission industries, which is essential for industries like steel, cement, and chemicals that are challenging to decarbonise.
The Coalition for Conservation is looking forward to making an active and useful contribution to the discussions and meetings at COP29.
As a woman navigating both the complexities of the fashion world and my love for conservation, I find myself caught in a contradiction. Yes, I’m guilty! Guilty of succumbing to the allure of a stunning new pair of shoes or that dress that makes my heart skip a beat. But while I enjoy these moments of indulgence, I’m acutely aware that the fashion industry stands at a pivotal moment: it accounts for up to 10% of annual global carbon emissions. This is more than the combined emissions from international flights and maritime shipping. Its environmental footprint spans every stage of production, from the water-intensive cultivation of cotton to the energy-heavy processes of textile dyeing and the pollution caused by synthetic fibres.
But despite the complex challenges, a growing number of companies are stepping up with innovative solutions. Major fashion houses like Chanel, Stella McCartney, and Kering have made bold moves toward decarbonization. These companies are leveraging regenerative agriculture, adopting carbon pricing models, and investing in new technologies to drive industry-wide change.
The Carbon Footprint of Fashion
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, the fashion industry emits an astounding 1.2 billion metric tons of CO2 annually. Think about that for a moment: the equivalent of over 300 million passenger vehicles on the road! The bulk of these emissions come from three primary areas: textile production, dyeing processes, and logistics. The textile production phase, which includes both the farming of natural fibres like cotton and the manufacturing of synthetic fibres, is the most carbon-intensive, accounting for approximately 70% of the industry’s total emissions. The dyeing and finishing processes contribute an additional 20%, with the logistics of transporting garments adding even more to this staggering figure.
The fast fashion model has further exacerbated this issue. Each year, we produce a mind-boggling 100 billion garments globally. It’s like we’re on a hamster wheel of consumption, with around 92 million tons of textile wastegenerated annually—much of which ends up in landfills or incinerators, releasing greenhouse gases and toxic chemicals. So, while I may indulge in the occasional shopping spree, I can’t help but feel the weight of this unsustainable cycle on my shoulders
The Most Challenging Areas
1. Textile Production: Cotton may feel like a natural choice, but it’s thirsty work. It takes about 2,700 litres of water to produce just one cotton T-shirt, contributing to a staggering amount of water waste, especially in water-scarce regions. And while synthetic fibres, like polyester, are cheaper and more durable, they come with a high price tag in terms of environmental damage. Not to mention, they account for over 60% of global fibre production and shed microplastics during washing—yes, the very same plastics choking our oceans.
2. Dyeing and Finishing: The dyeing process is notorious for its pollution. It’s responsible for 20% of global water pollution, often using toxic chemicals that find their way into local water supplies. When we consider that many of these processes occur in regions reliant on coal power, the implications become even graver.
3. Logistics and Transportation: Let’s not forget about the logistics of our fashion supply chains. The sheer volume of materials and garments moving around the globe results in significant emissions. Transportation emissions are particularly problematic for brands relying on air freight, which can be carbon-intensive.
4. Waste Management: Waste remains one of the most intractable problems in fashion, with the fast fashion model contributing to a culture of disposability, encouraging a throwaway culture that leads to the generation of 92 million tons of textile waste annually. Currently, only 1% of clothing is recycled into new garments, which means that the rest either ends up in landfills or is incinerated, producing even more emissions. Brands like H&M and Zara, often criticized for their fast fashion practices, have begun introducing recycling initiatives. H&M’s “Conscious Collection” and Zara’s “Join Life” lines promote garments made from organic cotton and recycled polyester. Both brands have launched in-store recycling programs, encouraging customers to bring in used clothing for recycling or resale.
Patagonia, known for its environmental activism, has taken a more radical approach. Through its Worn Wear program, the company encourages customers to repair and reuse their garments, reducing the need for new production and minimizing waste. Patagonia’s use of recycled materials, including polyester made from discarded plastic bottles, is another example of how companies can mitigate plastic pollution while promoting a circular economy
While these efforts are steps in the right direction, critics argue that they are not enough to counter the sheer volume of clothing produced.
Companies Leading the Charge
Despite the seemingly insurmountable challenges, there is a glimmer of hope in the form of companies taking decisive action.
Chanel has rolled out an impressive carbon pricing model, effectively putting a price tag on every ton of carbon emitted across its supply chain. This internal pricing structure is a game-changer, pushing departments to innovate and reduce emissions while still offering the luxury and quality that Chanel is known for. I also love Chanel’s commitment to supporting artisans, as it not only preserves the time-honoured craftsmanship of fashion but also helps sustain local economies. This dedication to artisanship ensures that skills are passed down through generations, fostering a culture of creativity and sustainability.
Another brand taking positive steps is Kering, the powerhouse behind brands like Gucci and Saint Laurent, by breaking new ground with its Environmental Profit & Loss (EP&L) accounting system. By quantifying its environmental impact in monetary terms, Kering is integrating sustainability into every business decision. The company has set ambitious goals to use 100% sustainably sourced materials by 2025 and aims for a 40% reduction in its carbon footprint.
Stella McCartney, known for being the industry pioneer sustainably, is advocating for regenerative agriculture. By sourcing cotton and wool from regenerative farms, it’s not only producing stunning designs but also contributing to the restoration of ecosystems. This is the kind of forward-thinking we need more of in fashion.
Burberry has also made a bold commitment: to become carbon neutral by 2022, investing in carbon offset projects focused on reforestation and conservation. Their proactive approach to supply chain emissions and the pursuit of renewable energy sources exemplifies how brands can marry luxury with responsibility.
The Path Forward
The call for change has never been louder. The urgency to address these issues has propelled many fashion brands to commit to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. This aligns with the Paris Agreement and demonstrates a growing recognition of our collective responsibility. Increasingly, brands are held accountable by ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics, with investors demanding transparency and action.
Investors like BlackRock are making it clear: companies that fail to prioritize sustainability may face divestment. This external pressure has spurred fashion brands to adopt decarbonization strategies. LVMH, for instance, has pledged to reduce its emissions by 55% by 2030, setting a new benchmark for sustainability in luxury.
Collaboration will be key to the industry’s success. Partnerships between brands, governments, and NGOs are essential to developing new technologies and scaling sustainable practices. The Global Fashion Agenda, which hosts the Copenhagen Fashion Summit, has become a platform for industry leaders to share knowledge, set benchmarks, and drive collective action.
The future of fashion will depend on the industry’s ability to embrace innovation—whether through regenerative farming, carbon pricing, or circular business models.
But it’s also time for us, especially as women, to rethink our approach to fashion. Instead of chasing the latest trends, let’s embrace a more intentional style that prioritizes quality over quantity, investing in timeless pieces—dresses that are ageless, watches that tell stories and shoes that are stylish forever.
These are the treasures we can pass down to our daughters, who will, in turn, hand them down to their daughters. Picture a fashion heirloom that’s been loved through generations, each piece with its own unique story, creating a meaningful legacy.
The thriving second-hand market also offers a fantastic opportunity to reduce our environmental footprint. By choosing pre-loved items, we not only give new life to beautiful pieces but also help combat the waste associated with fast fashion. This shift in mindset challenges us to view our clothing as life investments rather than fleeting trends.
In this webinar, Professor Bruce Mountain Director of the Victoria Energy Policy Centre presents his latest research on reducing transmission costs and helping industrial and commercial premises cut electricity bills with innovative behind-the-metre energy solutions.
C4C has been a strong supporter of Professor Mountain’s work, particularly his insightful “Business Power” policy, which provides a practical approach to leveraging large-scale battery-backed rooftop PV systems for enhanced energy security and cost savings.
Professor Mountain discusses how businesses can capitalise on this model to participate in the electricity wholesale market by trading excess energy and securing power supply even during non-solar hours. The policy’s proposed solar feed-in floor price and battery discharge floor price could incentivise efficient energy generation and storage, ultimately driving down electricity costs and ensuring long-term energy resilience.
Our sustainable agricultural delegation recently facilitated an inspiring visit to Zambia, showcasing the power of international collaboration in addressing environmental challenges. This journey emphasized the importance of global solidarity and the impact that dedicated individuals and organizations can have on communities worldwide.
A Warm Welcome by the Sikaunzwe Farmers in Zambia
During the visit, we were profoundly grateful for the warm and hospitable reception received in Zambia, especially by the Sikaunzwe farmers. The surprise and honour of being welcomed by such a gracious community left a lasting impression on all of us. The support and facilitation provided by Ambassador Munshya and District Commissioner Elias were instrumental in making our visit a success.
Understanding Local Challenges
The visit highlighted the severe challenges faced by local communities due to recent droughts. We met with talented agronomists and other experts who shared insights into the difficulties encountered by farmers in the region. Despite the magnitude of these challenges, the spirit of resilience and determination was evident among the community members.
The Role of the Coalition for Conservation
The Coalition for Conservation is committed to making substantial contributions to environmental sustainability. With our extensive network and dedicated team, we are equipped to tackle significant challenges and provide meaningful support to communities in need. Our initiatives span across various regions, focusing on sustainable agricultural practices, climate resilience, and community empowerment. We believe that even modest contributions can have a profound impact, and our dedication to fostering global connections ensures that we can offer the necessary assistance to make a real difference.
A Shared Global Responsibility
The visit to Zambia reinforced the idea that, despite geographical distances, we are all connected as global citizens. Whether in Australia or Zambia, the fundamental needs and aspirations of people are the same. We all strive to provide for our families, ensure a sustainable future, and create a supportive environment for the next generation.
Conclusion
Our visit to Zambia was a testament to the power of international collaboration and the shared responsibility of caring for our planet. By building strong global connections and supporting communities facing environmental challenges, we aim to make a positive and lasting impact. The visit served as a reminder that together, we can overcome adversity and work towards a sustainable future for all.
In the face of severe drought, Teifla, a courageous young farmer, has endured the loss of her entire livelihood. Her story highlights the harsh realities of climate change and the resilience needed to overcome such adversities.
A Farmer’s Struggle
Teifla’s farming efforts were devastated by drought. She had been cultivating maize and other crops on her 7-hectare plot, but the relentless dry conditions wiped out her harvest. Despite her efforts, the drought left her with nothing, and the assistance she received was minimal.
The Impact of Drought
The severity of the drought is evident in the dry and barren state of Teifla’s land. The condition of the soil is dire, posing a significant risk to her farming future. While there is hope for soil regeneration, the current situation remains precarious.
The Timeline of Hardship
Teflon recounted the timeline of her struggle. Initially, heavy rains led to flooding, which was followed by an extended period of drought. This erratic weather pattern has made farming increasingly challenging, disrupting the natural growing cycle and causing substantial crop loss.
Looking Ahead
Despite these challenges, Teifla remains determined to rebuild. She is preparing to replant her crops, taking a step-by-step approach to restore her farm. Her resilience and perseverance are commendable, as she continues to work towards a sustainable future for her land.
Soil Regeneration and Hope
One of the critical issues Teifla faces is the condition of the soil. The cementation layer, which prevents water absorption, exacerbates the problem. Addressing this issue is essential for successful replanting and long-term sustainability. Efforts to regenerate the soil will be crucial in helping farmers like Teflon overcome these challenges.
Conclusion
Teifla’s story is a testament to the resilience and determination of farmers facing the devastating effects of climate change. Her journey underscores the urgent need for support and sustainable practices to help communities adapt and thrive in the face of environmental challenges. By sharing her experiences, we hope to raise awareness and foster a collective effort to combat the impacts of drought and ensure a better future for farmers worldwide.
Australia faces significant challenges with drought and water levels, making it one of the most water-scarce continents. This reality underscores the importance of international collaboration in addressing environmental issues. Recently, we had the privilege of visiting Kazungula, Zambia, to foster such partnerships and share knowledge on sustainable practices.
The Meeting in Kazungula
Our visit to Kazungula was facilitated by His Excellency Dr Elias Munshya, whose efforts made the meetings productive and welcoming. We were deeply honoured to meet with District Commissioner Elias Samibila and his team at his office. The hospitality we received was beyond our expectations and set a positive tone for our discussions.
Building Friendship for Collaboration
The primary goal of our visit was to build a strong foundation of friendship with the people of Kazungula. We believe that true collaboration stems from genuine relationships. Face-to-face interactions are crucial for understanding and addressing shared challenges, rather than relying on distant communication. Despite the geographical distance between Australia and Zambia, there are striking similarities, particularly in agriculture and climate change, that make our collaboration valuable.
Shared Environmental Challenges
Both Australia and Zambia share common environmental challenges, especially in agriculture and climate change. The thin layer of topsoil that nourishes our planet is critical for sustaining life, yet it is often misunderstood and neglected. Our mission is to enhance the understanding and management of this vital resource. By working together, we aim to improve agricultural practices and address the pressing issue of climate resilience.
Strengthening Cooperation
We are committed to ensuring that our partners from Australia can work directly with the communities in Kazungula. Any challenges that arise will be addressed collaboratively, smoothing the path for successful projects and initiatives. This spirit of cooperation is a testament to what Australia stands for – a commitment to fostering international friendships and tackling global challenges together.
Conclusion
Our visit to Kazungula, Zambia, marked the beginning of a promising collaboration. By building strong friendships and working closely on shared environmental issues, we aim to make a significant impact on sustainability. Together, we can create a better future for both our nations and contribute to the health of our planet.
